HYPOTENSION. By Dr M Okenwa of medik247

This is the opposite of hypertension. It is when blood pressure is below 90/60mmHg.
If the BP falls gradually, it does not usually constitute a problem. But if the fall is sudden, there is noticeable symptoms which sometimes might be life threatening.

In practice however, blood pressure is too low only when it presents with noticeable symptoms.

Symptoms;
-dizziness
-thirst
-fatigue
-cold clammy hands and legs
-fast breathing
-blackouts
-lack of concentration
-pale skin
-fainting
-headache
-light headedness
-dark urine
-absence of sweat
-in extreme cases, unconsciousness.

Causes of hypotension:

-dehydration
-low blood sugar
-low blood level
-bleeding(blood loss)
-pregnancy
-thyroid conditions (hypothyroidism)
-excessive loss of fluid (diarrhoea and vomiting)
-adrenal insufficiency
-some heart conditions
-severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
-antihypertensives like diuretics and alpha blockers
-lack of vitamin B12 and folate
-Viagra and other vasodilating drugs


TYPES

Orthostatic( sudden fall in BP as one stands up). Also called postural hypotension

Post prandial hypotension( happens after heavy food)
Vagovagal syncope (inappropriate nerve signal causing sudden fall in BP)

Shydrager syndrome

RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING HYPOTENSION

*medication
*Age
*Some disease conditions

COMPLICATIONS

-Falls
-Inability to perform daily routines and duties.

DIAGNOSIS

See a doctor.
You will be interviewed and examined.
BP check using sphygmomanometer can confirm hypotension.
Tests like blood tests, ECG and others may be done.

TREATMENT

Treatment of the underlying cause
Withdrawal of causative drug
Increased salt intake
Drinking of more water and less alcohol
Volume resuscitation and blood transfusion
Early morning dose of caffeine can help.

LIFESTYLE

More water, less alcohol
Healthy diet.
Get up slowly (in orthostatic hypotension)
Eat small, low carbohydrate meals(in post prandal hypotension)